Easy Japanese Chapter 3
[Sentences to Memorize]
1. あれはたかいです。
1. あれはたかいです。
Are wa takai desu.
That over there is expensive.
2. それはきれいです。
2. それはきれいです。
Sore wa kirei desu.
That is pretty.
3. これはすばらしいほんです。
3. これはすばらしいほんです。
Kore wa subarashii hon desu.
This is a wonderful book.
4. すずきさんはおもしろいひとです。
4. すずきさんはおもしろいひとです。
Suzuki-san wa omoshiroi hito desu.
Suzuki-san is an interesting person.
5. けいこさんはしずかなひとです。
5. けいこさんはしずかなひとです。
Keiko-san wa shizuka na hito desu.
Keiko is a quiet person.
6. これはたかくありません。
6. これはたかくありません。
Kore wa takaku arimasen.
This is not expensive.
7. あれはきれいじゃありません。
7. あれはきれいじゃありません。
Are wa kirei ja arimasen.
That over there is not pretty.
8. それはじしょじゃありません。
8. それはじしょじゃありません。
Sore wa jisho ja arimasen.
That is not a dictionary.
9. このくるまはすこしやすいです。
9. このくるまはすこしやすいです。
Kono kuruma wa sukoshi yasui desu.
This car is a bit (a little) inexpensive.
10. あのひとのりょうりはとてもおいしいです。
10. あのひとのりょうりはとてもおいしいです。
Ano hito no ryouri wa totemo oishii desu.
That person's dishes are very delicious.
[Important Words]
おいしい - oishii - Delicious
おもしろい - omoshiroi - Interesting
うつくしい - utsukushii - Beautiful
すばらしい - subarashii - Wonderful
たかい - takai - Expensive, high (as in a mountain or building, etc.)
やすい - yasui - Inexpensive, cheap (Does not have negative connotation like English's cheap)
いい - Ii - Good (Used before desu or a noun.)
よい - yoi - Good (Use will be explained later in this chapter)
きれい - kirei - Pretty, clean, tidy (This is not an i-adjective.)
しずか - shizuka - Quiet
(お)なまえ - (o) namae - Name ('お' or 'O' is added to show respect.)
にほんご - nihongo - Japanese language (にほん - "Nihon" means Japan.)
えいご - eigo - English language
ひと - hito - Person
きもの - kimono - Kimono, traditional Japanese clothes in general
えいが - eiga - Movie (えいがかん - eigakan - Movie theater)
おんがく - ongaku - Music
りょうり - Ryouri - Cooking, dish (food)
くるま - kuruma - Car
へや - heya - Room
すこし - sukoshi - Small, a little bit
とても - totemo - Very
ぼく - boku - I (used by young (and some old) men)
この - kono - This
その - sono - That
あの - ano - That over there
どの - dono - Which (If there's more than two things to choose, use どちら - dochira.)
じゃ - ja - Used before negating a noun with ありません - arimasen.
では - dewa is it's formal equivalent.
1.) Using Adjectives
There are two types of adjective in Japanese. There's i-adjectives and na-adjectives. When using an i-adjective, all you need to do is add the adjective to the front of a noun. For a na-adjective though, you need to add (な) na after the adjective.
[I-Adjective] or [い-Adjective]
うつくしいきもの - utsukushii kimono - A beautiful kimono.
おいしいりょうり - oishii ryouri - A delicious dish.
[Na-Adjective] or [な-Adjective]
きれいなひと - kirei na hito - A pretty person.
しずかなへや - shizuka na heya - A quiet room.
2.) Changing a Sentence from Affirmative to Negative
In order to get a negative form of an adjective, change the final "-i" to "-ku" and add "arimasen". One exception to this rule is the word for "good", or "ii". In these cases, you use "yoi", so when used in a negative sentence, you get "yoku arimasen" not "iku arimasen". If it is for a noun or a "na" adjective, just add "ja arimasen" at the end.
[Affirmative]
[Noun] これはじしょです。Kore wa jisho desu. (This is a dictionary.)
[Na-Adjective] これはきれいです。Kore wa kirei desu. (This is clean.)
[I-Adjective] これはやすいです。Kore wa yasui desu.
[Negative]
[Noun] これはじしょじゃありません。Kore wa jisho ja arimasen. (This is not a dictionary.)
[Na-Adjective] これはきれいじゃありません。Kore wa kirei ja arimasen. (This is not clean.)
[I-Adjective] これはやすくありません。Kore wa yasuku arimasen. (This is not inexpensive.)
3.) This, That and That Over There, etc.
Kono, sono, ano and dono mean "This, that, that over there and which". Are these the same as the earlier "kore, sore, are and dore"? Yes they are, but these are the forms who use when placed before a noun.
Examples:
このほんです。- Kono hon desu. - This book.
そのまんがです。- Sono manga desu. - That manga.
あのしずかなひとです。- Ano shizuka na hito desu. - That quiet person over there.
どのじしょですか。- Dono jisho desu ka? - Which dictionary is it?
[Important Words]
おいしい - oishii - Delicious
おもしろい - omoshiroi - Interesting
うつくしい - utsukushii - Beautiful
すばらしい - subarashii - Wonderful
たかい - takai - Expensive, high (as in a mountain or building, etc.)
やすい - yasui - Inexpensive, cheap (Does not have negative connotation like English's cheap)
いい - Ii - Good (Used before desu or a noun.)
よい - yoi - Good (Use will be explained later in this chapter)
きれい - kirei - Pretty, clean, tidy (This is not an i-adjective.)
しずか - shizuka - Quiet
(お)なまえ - (o) namae - Name ('お' or 'O' is added to show respect.)
にほんご - nihongo - Japanese language (にほん - "Nihon" means Japan.)
えいご - eigo - English language
ひと - hito - Person
きもの - kimono - Kimono, traditional Japanese clothes in general
えいが - eiga - Movie (えいがかん - eigakan - Movie theater)
おんがく - ongaku - Music
りょうり - Ryouri - Cooking, dish (food)
くるま - kuruma - Car
へや - heya - Room
すこし - sukoshi - Small, a little bit
とても - totemo - Very
ぼく - boku - I (used by young (and some old) men)
この - kono - This
その - sono - That
あの - ano - That over there
どの - dono - Which (If there's more than two things to choose, use どちら - dochira.)
じゃ - ja - Used before negating a noun with ありません - arimasen.
では - dewa is it's formal equivalent.
1.) Using Adjectives
There are two types of adjective in Japanese. There's i-adjectives and na-adjectives. When using an i-adjective, all you need to do is add the adjective to the front of a noun. For a na-adjective though, you need to add (な) na after the adjective.
[I-Adjective] or [い-Adjective]
うつくしいきもの - utsukushii kimono - A beautiful kimono.
おいしいりょうり - oishii ryouri - A delicious dish.
[Na-Adjective] or [な-Adjective]
きれいなひと - kirei na hito - A pretty person.
しずかなへや - shizuka na heya - A quiet room.
2.) Changing a Sentence from Affirmative to Negative
In order to get a negative form of an adjective, change the final "-i" to "-ku" and add "arimasen". One exception to this rule is the word for "good", or "ii". In these cases, you use "yoi", so when used in a negative sentence, you get "yoku arimasen" not "iku arimasen". If it is for a noun or a "na" adjective, just add "ja arimasen" at the end.
[Affirmative]
[Noun] これはじしょです。Kore wa jisho desu. (This is a dictionary.)
[Na-Adjective] これはきれいです。Kore wa kirei desu. (This is clean.)
[I-Adjective] これはやすいです。Kore wa yasui desu.
[Negative]
[Noun] これはじしょじゃありません。Kore wa jisho ja arimasen. (This is not a dictionary.)
[Na-Adjective] これはきれいじゃありません。Kore wa kirei ja arimasen. (This is not clean.)
[I-Adjective] これはやすくありません。Kore wa yasuku arimasen. (This is not inexpensive.)
3.) This, That and That Over There, etc.
Kono, sono, ano and dono mean "This, that, that over there and which". Are these the same as the earlier "kore, sore, are and dore"? Yes they are, but these are the forms who use when placed before a noun.
Examples:
このほんです。- Kono hon desu. - This book.
そのまんがです。- Sono manga desu. - That manga.
あのしずかなひとです。- Ano shizuka na hito desu. - That quiet person over there.
どのじしょですか。- Dono jisho desu ka? - Which dictionary is it?
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