Easy Japanese Chapter 9
[Sentences to Memorize]
1. A. らいねんハワイへ行きたいですか?
Rainen hawai e ikitai desu ka?
Do you want to go to Hawaii next year?
B. はい、行きたいです。
Hai, ikitai desu.
Yes, I do.
- or -
C. いいえ、行きたくありません。
Iie, ikitaku arimasen.
No, I don't.
2. A. あした何をしたいですか?
Ashita nani o shitai desu ka?
What do you want to do tomorrow?
B. テニスをしたいです。
Tenisu o shitai desu.
I want to play tennis.
3. ここでいっしょに本をよみましょう。
Koko de issho ni hon o yomimashō.
Let's read a book here together.
4. A. あさってパーティーをしましょうか?
Asatte paatii o shimashō ka?
Shall we have a party the day after tomorrow?
B. ええ、そうしましょう。
Ee, sō shimashō.
Yes, let's (do so).
5. A. てつだいましょうか?
Tetsudaimashō ka?
Shall I help you?
B. はい、おねがいします。
Hai, onegaishimasu. -
Yes, please.
- or -
C. いいえ、けっこうです。
Iie, kekko desu.
No, thank you.
6. どうぞこのりょうりをたべてください。
Dōzo kono ryōri o tabete kudasai.
Please eat this dish.
7. もうすこしゆっくりはなしてください。
Mō sukoshi yukkuri hanashite kudasai.
Please speak a little more slowly.
[Words For This Lesson]
あける - akeru - To open
しめる - shimeru - To close (Not used for books)
しらべる - shiraberu - To check, to investigate
おしえる - oshieru - To teach, tell
いう - iu - To say, tell
うる - uru - To sell
まつ - matsu - To wait
てつだう - tetsudau - To help, give a hand (Does not mean "to rescue")
りょこう - ryokō - To travel, tour (-o suru = To take a trip)
パーティー - paatii - Party (-o suru = To have a party)
(お)べんとう - (o)bentō - Packed/boxed/bagged lunch or dinner
あさ - asa - Morning
ひる - hiru - Noon/lunch time; day (time)
ごご - gogo - Afternoon; p.m. (ごぜん - gozen = a.m.)
ばん - ban - Evening (こんばん - konban = This evening)
ごはん - gohan - Meal, cooked rice (あさごはん - asagohan = Breakfast)
ことば - kotoba - word, language
いみ - imi - Meaning
やすみ - yasumi - off day, break (ふゆやすみ - fuyu yasumi = Winter vacation)
きょねん - kyonen - Last year (きょねんのはる - kyonen no haru = Last (year's) spring)
ことし - kotoshi - This year (ことしのなつ - kotoshi no natsu = This summer)
らいねん - rainen - Next year (らいねんのあき - rainen no aki = Next (years) autumn)
ドア - doa - Door
がいこく - gaikoku - Foreign country
がいこく人/がい人 - gaikokujin/gaijin - Foreigner
かわいい - kawaii - Cute (Be careful for "kowai" which means "scary")
いそがしい - ishogashii - Busy
ちょっと - chotto - A little bit, a moment, kind of
どうぞ - dōzo - Please (Can mean "Please come in" or "Go ahead")
もうすこし - mō sukoshi - A little more
ゆっくり - yukkuri - Slowly, leisurely
おねがいします - onegaishimasu - I'd appreciate it (Used to accept an offer or service)
1.) Saying "I want to..."
When you change "-masu" to "-tai desu" with a verb, the sentence now means "want to do...".
Examples:
いつ日本へ行きたいですか?
Itsu nihon e ikitai desu ka?
When do you want to go to Japan?
ほんださんはおちゃをのみたいです。
Honda-san wa ocha o nomitai desu.
Mrs. Honda wants to drink green tea.
私はこれをうるたくありません。
Watashi wa kore o urutaku arimasen.
I don't want to sell this.
2.) Let's do.../-mashō/－ましょう
When you change "-masu" to "-mashō", it means "Let's...". If you add "ka" at the end, it means "Let's/Shall we...?". Each context determines "I" or "We".
Examples:
いっしょにこうえんへ行きましょう。
Issho ni kōen e ikimashō.
Let's go to the park together.
あそこでダンスをしましょうか?
Asoko de dansu o shimashō ka?
Shall we dance over there?
3.) "Please do..." (-te kudasai / -てください)
Every Japanese verb has a て/te-form and this is used very often in many structures. Memorizing the following rules would be one of the most challenging and rewarding things in Japanese grammar. When "kudasai/ください" is added after it, it means "Please do...". To make it more emphatic, "dōzo" can be added in front of this expression.
I. Ru-Verbs (-eru/-iru endings): Change "ru" to "te"
Ex. Taberu → Tabete Oboeru → Oboete Miru → Mite
II. U-Verbs:
1. U-verbs ending in -Tsu, -Ru, or -U change to "-tte"
Ex. Matsu → Matte Uru → Utte Noru → Notte Iu → Itte
2. U-verbs ending in -Ku, -Gu or -Su change to -ite/-ide (For -su, change "u" to "shi")
Ex. Kaku → Kaite Kiku → Kiite Oyogu → Oyoide Hanasu → Hanashite
3. U-verbs ending in -mu or -bu change to "-nde"
Ex. Yomu → Yonde Nomu → Nonde Asobu → Asonde
III. Irregular Verbs
Suru → Shite (To do) Kuru → Kite (To come) Iku → Itte (To go)
____________________________
Examples:
ともだちのけいこさんにあさってください。
Tomodachi no keiko-san ni asatte kudasai.
Please meet my friend Keiko.
どうぞまたここに来てください。
Dōzo mata koko ni kite kudasai.
Please come here again.
4.) Informal -te form
This form is only to be used between close friends/people or family. It's just like what I described above, except you don't add "kudasai" at the end.
Example:
このえをみて。
Kono e o mite.
Look at this drawing.
1. A. らいねんハワイへ行きたいですか?
Rainen hawai e ikitai desu ka?
Do you want to go to Hawaii next year?
B. はい、行きたいです。
Hai, ikitai desu.
Yes, I do.
- or -
C. いいえ、行きたくありません。
Iie, ikitaku arimasen.
No, I don't.
2. A. あした何をしたいですか?
Ashita nani o shitai desu ka?
What do you want to do tomorrow?
B. テニスをしたいです。
Tenisu o shitai desu.
I want to play tennis.
3. ここでいっしょに本をよみましょう。
Koko de issho ni hon o yomimashō.
Let's read a book here together.
4. A. あさってパーティーをしましょうか?
Asatte paatii o shimashō ka?
Shall we have a party the day after tomorrow?
B. ええ、そうしましょう。
Ee, sō shimashō.
Yes, let's (do so).
5. A. てつだいましょうか?
Tetsudaimashō ka?
Shall I help you?
B. はい、おねがいします。
Hai, onegaishimasu. -
Yes, please.
- or -
C. いいえ、けっこうです。
Iie, kekko desu.
No, thank you.
6. どうぞこのりょうりをたべてください。
Dōzo kono ryōri o tabete kudasai.
Please eat this dish.
7. もうすこしゆっくりはなしてください。
Mō sukoshi yukkuri hanashite kudasai.
Please speak a little more slowly.
[Words For This Lesson]
あける - akeru - To open
しめる - shimeru - To close (Not used for books)
しらべる - shiraberu - To check, to investigate
おしえる - oshieru - To teach, tell
いう - iu - To say, tell
うる - uru - To sell
まつ - matsu - To wait
てつだう - tetsudau - To help, give a hand (Does not mean "to rescue")
りょこう - ryokō - To travel, tour (-o suru = To take a trip)
パーティー - paatii - Party (-o suru = To have a party)
(お)べんとう - (o)bentō - Packed/boxed/bagged lunch or dinner
あさ - asa - Morning
ひる - hiru - Noon/lunch time; day (time)
ごご - gogo - Afternoon; p.m. (ごぜん - gozen = a.m.)
ばん - ban - Evening (こんばん - konban = This evening)
ごはん - gohan - Meal, cooked rice (あさごはん - asagohan = Breakfast)
ことば - kotoba - word, language
いみ - imi - Meaning
やすみ - yasumi - off day, break (ふゆやすみ - fuyu yasumi = Winter vacation)
きょねん - kyonen - Last year (きょねんのはる - kyonen no haru = Last (year's) spring)
ことし - kotoshi - This year (ことしのなつ - kotoshi no natsu = This summer)
らいねん - rainen - Next year (らいねんのあき - rainen no aki = Next (years) autumn)
ドア - doa - Door
がいこく - gaikoku - Foreign country
がいこく人/がい人 - gaikokujin/gaijin - Foreigner
かわいい - kawaii - Cute (Be careful for "kowai" which means "scary")
いそがしい - ishogashii - Busy
ちょっと - chotto - A little bit, a moment, kind of
どうぞ - dōzo - Please (Can mean "Please come in" or "Go ahead")
もうすこし - mō sukoshi - A little more
ゆっくり - yukkuri - Slowly, leisurely
おねがいします - onegaishimasu - I'd appreciate it (Used to accept an offer or service)
1.) Saying "I want to..."
When you change "-masu" to "-tai desu" with a verb, the sentence now means "want to do...".
Examples:
いつ日本へ行きたいですか?
Itsu nihon e ikitai desu ka?
When do you want to go to Japan?
ほんださんはおちゃをのみたいです。
Honda-san wa ocha o nomitai desu.
Mrs. Honda wants to drink green tea.
私はこれをうるたくありません。
Watashi wa kore o urutaku arimasen.
I don't want to sell this.
2.) Let's do.../-mashō/－ましょう
When you change "-masu" to "-mashō", it means "Let's...". If you add "ka" at the end, it means "Let's/Shall we...?". Each context determines "I" or "We".
Examples:
いっしょにこうえんへ行きましょう。
Issho ni kōen e ikimashō.
Let's go to the park together.
あそこでダンスをしましょうか?
Asoko de dansu o shimashō ka?
Shall we dance over there?
3.) "Please do..." (-te kudasai / -てください)
Every Japanese verb has a て/te-form and this is used very often in many structures. Memorizing the following rules would be one of the most challenging and rewarding things in Japanese grammar. When "kudasai/ください" is added after it, it means "Please do...". To make it more emphatic, "dōzo" can be added in front of this expression.
I. Ru-Verbs (-eru/-iru endings): Change "ru" to "te"
Ex. Taberu → Tabete Oboeru → Oboete Miru → Mite
II. U-Verbs:
1. U-verbs ending in -Tsu, -Ru, or -U change to "-tte"
Ex. Matsu → Matte Uru → Utte Noru → Notte Iu → Itte
2. U-verbs ending in -Ku, -Gu or -Su change to -ite/-ide (For -su, change "u" to "shi")
Ex. Kaku → Kaite Kiku → Kiite Oyogu → Oyoide Hanasu → Hanashite
3. U-verbs ending in -mu or -bu change to "-nde"
Ex. Yomu → Yonde Nomu → Nonde Asobu → Asonde
III. Irregular Verbs
Suru → Shite (To do) Kuru → Kite (To come) Iku → Itte (To go)
____________________________
Examples:
ともだちのけいこさんにあさってください。
Tomodachi no keiko-san ni asatte kudasai.
Please meet my friend Keiko.
どうぞまたここに来てください。
Dōzo mata koko ni kite kudasai.
Please come here again.
4.) Informal -te form
This form is only to be used between close friends/people or family. It's just like what I described above, except you don't add "kudasai" at the end.
Example:
このえをみて。
Kono e o mite.
Look at this drawing.
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