[Sentences to Memorize]
1. トムくんはよくこうえんであそびます。
2. メアリーさんは今日プールでおよぎますか?
3. 私はまい日がっこうへいきます。
4. あきらくんはときどきうちへきます。
5. A:ふつうどこでべんきょうをしますか?
B: うちでします。- Uchi de shimasu. - At home.
6. A: いつ本やへいきますか?
B: すぐいきます。Sugu ikimasu. - I'm going right away.
7. A: いつどこで日本語のれんしゅうをしますか?
B: まい日ともだちのうちでします。
[Words For This Lesson]
きく - kiku - To listen, hear
およぐ - oyogu - To swim
よむ - yomu - To read
あそぶ - asobu - To play (with something, in a park, etc); have a good time
いく - iku - To go
くる - kuru - To come (over)
する - suru - To do
べんきょう - benkyou - Studying
べんきょうをする - benkyou (o) suru - To study
れんしゅう - renshuu - Practicing
れんしゅうをする - renshuu o suru - To practice
おりがみ - origami - Origami, paper-folding
プール - puuru - swimming pool
こうえん - kouen - Park
きっさてん - kissaten - Coffeehouse
うち - uchi - Home (Usually "watashi no" is omitted) (Not used with "iku" to mean "go home")
ざっし - zasshi - Magazine
しんぶん - shinbun - Newspaper
トム - tomu - Tom
メアリー - mearii - Mary
ピザ - piza - Pizza
ここ - koko - This place, here
そこ - soko - That place, there
あそこ - asoko - That place over there, over there
どこ - doko - Where, which place (Usually followed by "de" or "e")
いつ - itsu - When
すぐ - sugu - Right away, soon ("Sugu soko no (object)" = Nearby (object))
よく - yoku - Often; well (Not used for future actions)
ふつう - futsuu - Usually (Futsuu no - Ordinary)
で - de - (Area marker for activities and events)
へ - e - (Direction marker)
や- ya - -Store, -shop (Name of product proceeds "ya" to show type of shop. Ex. Honya = bookstore)
1.) (Place) de + Action Verb/To do something at/in Place
The particle "de/で" indicates an area in which an action or event is going to take place. It always comes after a place noun.
Ex. ときどき きっさてん で コーヒー を のみますか。- Tokidoki kissaten de kōhii o nomimasu ka? - Do you sometimes drink coffee at a coffeehouse?
2.) Go to/Come to
(Place) へ いく/e iku (direction is only outward →) : Go to (place)
(Place) へ くる/e kuru (direction is only inward ←) : Come to (place)
The particle "e/へ" (pronounced "e" not "he" when used as a directional marker) has a similar function to the English "to". This particle comes after a place noun/pronoun.
Ex. トムさんはよくこのプールへいきます。- Tomu-san wa yoku kono puuru e ikimasu. - Tom often comes to this swimming pool.
3.) Here, There and Over There
The words "here", "there" and "over there" in Japanese are koko (ここ), soko (そこ) and asoko (あそこ). They have similar meanings to kore (これ), sore (それ) and are (あれ). You can use wa (は) after these. To ask the question "where", you use doko (どこ). You cannot use wa (は) after doko, but you can use ga (が).
Ex.
あなたのがっこうはどこですか。- Anata no gakkou wa doko desu ka? - Where is your school?
どこがあなたのがっこうですか。- Doko ga anata no gakkou desu ka? - Where is your school?
4.) Using suru (する)
Suru essentially means "to do". It can sometimes be added to a noun to mean "to do...(something)".
Ex.
れんしゅうをする - Renshuu o suru -- To practice
おりがみをする - Origami o suru -- To do origami
りょうりをする - Ryouri o suru -- To cook
For "renshuu (れんしゅう)" and "benkyou (べんきょう)", it is optional to add "o" (を) before "suru" (する). So "renshuu suru - れんしゅうする" and "benkyou suru - べんきょうする" are also correct.
Ex.
どこで日本語をべんきょうしますか。- Doko de nihongo o benkyou shimasu ka? - Where do you study Japanese?
- compared to -
どこで日本語をべんきょうをしますか。- Doko de nihongo o benkyou o shimasu ka? - Where do you study Japanese?
5.) When - Itsu (いつ)
The question word itsu (いつ) means "when". In a sentence, it is normally used after the focus of the sentence.
Ex.
すずきさんはいつオートバイをかいますか。- Suzuki-san wa itsu ōtobai o kaimasu ka? - When is Suzuki-san going to buy a motorcycle.
だれがいつそこへいきますか。- Dare ga itsu soko e ikimasu ka? - Who will go there and when?
6.) -Store (-や)
To say a type of store, just put ya (や) after the object the store is selling.
Ex.
本や - honya - Bookstore
にくや - nikuya - Butcher
カメラや - kameraya - Camera store
はなや - hanaya - Flower shop, florist
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