[Sentences to Memorize]
1. メアリーさんはさっき日本語をはなします。
Mearii-san wa sakki nihongo o hanashimasu.
Mary spoke Japanese a little while ago.
2. あきらくんはきのうべんきょうをしませんでした。
Akira-kun wa kinou benkyou o shimasen deshita.
Akira didn't study yesterday.
3. 私はあまりタイプライターをつかいません。
Watashi wa amari taipuraitaa o tsukaimasen.
I don't use a typewriter very much (often).
4. トムくんははしでてんぷらをたべます。
Tomu-kun wa hashi de tempura o tabemasu.
Tom ate tempura with chopsticks.
5. A: きのうゆきがふりましたか?
Kinou yuki ga furimashita ka?
Did it snow yesterday?
B: はい、たくさんふるました。
Hai, furimashita.
Yes, it did.
6. A: すずきさんといっしょにみずうみへいきませんか?
Suzuki-san to issho ni mizuumi e ikimasen ka?
Would you like to go to the lake with Suzuki-san?
B: はい、いいですよ。Hai, ii desu yo. - Yes, sure!
7. A: コーラをすこしのみませんか?
Kōra o sukoshi nomimasen ka?
Would you like to drink some cola?
B: いいえ、けっこうです。Iie, kekkou desu. - No, thank you.
[Words For This Lesson]
あめ - ame - Rain
ゆき - yuki - Snow
みず - mizu - Water (cold only)
おゆ - oyu - Hot water
うみ - umi - Sea, ocean
みずうみ - mizuumi - Lake (first "u" has higher pitch.)
けさ - kesa - This morning
じてんしゃ - jitensha - Bicycle, bike (watch out for baiku (バイク) which means "motorcycle")
はし - hashi - Chopsticks
フォーク - fōku - Fork
スキー - sukii - Ski (-o suru = to ski)
スケート - sukēto - Skating (-o suru = to skate)
かいもの - kaimono - Shopping (-o suru = to shop)
おぼえる - oboeru - To memorize
つかう - tsukau - To use
ふる - furu - To fall (only for rain, snow, hail, etc.) (Furu is a "u-verb"!)
いつも - itsumo - Always
きのう - kinou - Yesterday
さっき - sakki - A little while ago
あまり - amari - (not) much, many, often (Used only in a sentence with negative ending)
たくさん - takusan - a lot, much, often (Comes before a verb)
そして - soshite - And (Used only at beginning of a sentence)
でも - demo - But (Used only at the beginning of a sentence)
ところで - tokorode - By the way
みんなで - minna de - With everyone
みんな - minna - All (of us, you, them)
いいえ、けっこうです。- iie, kekkou desu - No, thank you. (For an offer)
はい、いただきます。- hai, itadakimasu - Yes, thank you. (For an offer)
と(いっしょに) - to (issho ni) - Together (with somebody)
で - de - Means marker, by means of
よ - yo - Added at end of sentence to add emphasis. Implicating that your telling the person something they don't know.
1.) Past Forms of Verbs
To change a verb to past tense, change -masu (-ます) to -mashita (-ました). For negative past, change -masen (-ません) to -masen deshita (-ませんでした).
Ex.
きのうかいものをしましたか。- Kinou kaimono o shimashita ka? - Did you go shopping yesterday? いいえ、しませんでした。- Iie, shimasen deshita. - No, I didn't.
2.) Using "amari" (あまり)
In order to express partial negation to a sentence, you use amari (あまり).
Ex.
けいこさんはにくをたべません。- Keiko-san wa niku o tabemasen. - Keiko doesn't eat meat.
- compared to -
けいこさんはあまりにくをたべません。- Keiko-san wa amari niku o tabemasen. - Keiko doesn't eat much meat.
この車は高くありません。- Kono kuruma wa takaku arimasen. - This car isn't expensive.
- compared to -
この車はあまり高くありません。- Kono kuruma wa amari takaku arimasen. - This car isn't too expensive.
3.) Something+de (で)
The form of de (で) you'll be learning about in this chapter means "by" or "with". It's placed after a noun.
Ex. メアリーさんはバスでここへきました。- Mearii-san wa basu de koko e kimashita. - Mary came here by bus.
4.) あめがふりました。(Ame ga furimashita.) It rained.
The subject maker ga (が) is normally used instead of wa (は) after ame (あめ) and yuki (ゆき) since they are a natural phenomina and you are not talking about THE rain, but the rain in general. Also, if your talking to someone about it, they may not know the exact rain/snow fall you're talking about.
5.) Togther - といっしょに (to issho ni)
When put after either your's or someone else's name, it means "with this person/me/you, etc". When using this expression, you can usually omit "watashi to" (私と) (with me) from the beginning of the sentence. In that case, you can just use "issho ni". You can also abbreviate "to issho ni" (といっしょに) to just "to" (と).
Ex. トムくんはあきらくんといっしょに日本語のべんきょうをしました。- Tomu-kun wa akira-kun to (issho ni) nihongo no benkyou o shimashita. - Tom studied Japanese with Akira.
6.) Would you like to...?
To ask someone "Would you like to...", you change the verb to end in -masen ka? (-ませんか). This is literally like asking "Won't you...?" or "Wouldn't you...?". This form is a polite invitation for an action and also a food offer. Don't start this form with "anata wa..." (あなたは...).
Ex. プールで(私と)いっしょにおよぎませんか。- Puuru de (watashi to) issho ni oyogimasen ka? - Would you like to swim with me in the pool?
7.) Using "yo"
No, not "yo" as in the English American slang term, but the Japanese ending marker "yo" よ which shows the speaker's strong feeling of wanting to say the sentence. It can also be kind of like an exclamation at the end of a sentence. The expression "Ii desu yo!" いいですよ (Fine or sure!) is often used to accept an invitation to show willingness. (Though, if offered food or drinks, respond "Hai, ittadakimasu - はい、いっただきます。" or "Iie, kekkou desu - いいえ、けっこうです。".)
Ex.
あのへやはとてもしずかです。- Ano heya wa totemo shizuka desu. -- That room is very quiet.
- compared to -
あのへやはとてもしずかですよ。- Ano heya wa totemo shizuka desu yo. -- That room is very quiet!
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